Plain-English definitions of the networking terms for Network+ study. Simplified for learning; CompTIA’s objectives are authoritative.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| OSI model | A seven-layer model describing how networks communicate. |
| Protocol | Agreed rules for how devices exchange data. |
| IP address | A numeric address identifying a device on a network. |
| Subnet | A logical division of an IP network. |
| Subnet mask | Defines the network vs host portion of an IP. |
| Default gateway | The router used to reach other networks. |
| DNS | Resolves names to IP addresses. |
| DHCP | Automatically assigns IP addresses. |
| NAT | Translates private addresses to public ones. |
| VLAN | A logical segment of a switched network. |
| Switch | Forwards frames within a local network. |
| Router | Forwards packets between networks. |
| Firewall | Filters traffic based on rules. |
| Latency | The delay before data transfer begins. |
| Bandwidth | The maximum data rate of a link. |
| Throughput | The actual data rate achieved. |
| Topology | The arrangement of a network (star, mesh, etc.). |
| Wireless standard | Wi-Fi generations (e.g., 802.11ax). |
| PoE | Power over Ethernet — power and data on one cable. |
| SNMP | A protocol for monitoring network devices. |
| QoS | Quality of Service — prioritising certain traffic. |