Cheat Sheet · IT & Cloud

CompTIA A+ (220-1201 & 220-1202) Cheat Sheet

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A free CompTIA A+ cheat sheet for Core 1 and Core 2: the troubleshooting steps, common ports, RAID levels, Windows tools, malware-removal order and acronyms.

By The Exam Atlas Editorial Team · Verified 2026-08-05

A quick-revision summary for both CompTIA A+ exams: Core 1 (220-1201) and Core 2 (220-1202). Use it in the final days before each sitting to check recall. It is a study aid only - both exams are proctored and you cannot bring notes in.

The CompTIA troubleshooting methodology (know the order)

StepAction
1Identify the problem (question the user, ask what changed, back up first)
2Establish a theory of probable cause
3Test the theory to determine the cause
4Establish a plan of action and implement the solution
5Verify full system functionality and apply preventive measures
6Document findings, actions and outcomes

“What should the technician do next?” almost always means: the next step in this list.

Common ports to know (Core 1)

PortService
20/21FTP
22SSH / SFTP
23Telnet (insecure)
25SMTP
53DNS
67/68DHCP
80HTTP
110POP3
143IMAP
443HTTPS / TLS
445SMB
3389RDP

Storage and RAID at a glance

ItemKey idea
HDDMechanical platters; cheap capacity, slowest internal option
SATA SSDFlash storage over the SATA interface; much faster than HDD
NVMe (M.2)Flash storage over PCIe; fastest common option
RAID 0Striping - speed, no redundancy; one drive fails, all data lost
RAID 1Mirroring - one drive can fail with no data loss
RAID 5Striping with parity across 3+ drives; survives one failure
RAID 10Mirror + stripe; fast and redundant, needs 4+ drives

Memory and connectors quick reference

ItemKey idea
DIMMFull-size desktop memory module
SODIMMSmall-form-factor laptop memory module
DDR generationsKeyed differently; DDR3/DDR4/DDR5 do not interchange
RJ45Ethernet connector (8-pin)
RJ11Telephone/DSL connector
HDMI / DisplayPortDigital video (and audio) outputs
USB-CReversible connector for data, video and charging
SATAInternal drive data and power interface

Which Windows tool for which job (Core 2)

TaskTool
See live processes, CPU/RAM usage, startup itemsTask Manager
Review crash and error logsEvent Viewer
Manage drivers and hardwareDevice Manager
Create, format or resize partitionsDisk Management
Boot with minimal drivers to undo a bad updateSafe Mode
Full-disk encryptionBitLocker

Malware-removal sequence (know the order)

  1. Identify and research malware symptoms
  2. Quarantine the infected system
  3. Disable System Restore
  4. Remediate: update anti-malware, scan and remove
  5. Schedule scans and run updates
  6. Re-enable System Restore and create a restore point
  7. Educate the end user

Cloud and virtualization in one table

TermKey idea
HypervisorSoftware that runs virtual machines on shared hardware
IaaSRent infrastructure (VMs, storage, networks); you configure it
PaaSRent a managed platform; you deploy code onto it
SaaSRent a finished application
Public / private / hybridShared cloud / dedicated cloud / a mix of both

Must-know acronyms

AcronymMeaning
POSTPower-On Self-Test (beep codes = hardware fault before boot)
BIOS / UEFIFirmware that initialises hardware; UEFI is the modern form
ESDElectrostatic discharge - use a wrist strap
DHCP / DNSAutomatic IP assignment / name-to-address resolution
NATTranslates private addresses to a public address
VPNEncrypted tunnel over an untrusted network
SSIDWireless network name
MFAMulti-factor authentication
UACUser Account Control (Windows elevation prompts)
WPA2 / WPA3Wi-Fi security standards (WPA3 is current)
NTFSWindows file system with permissions and encryption
PIIPersonally identifiable information
AUPAcceptable use policy
PBQPerformance-based question (interactive exam task)

FAQ

Can I take a cheat sheet into the A+ exams?
No. Both A+ exams are proctored and no notes are allowed. Use this as a final-revision summary before each exam day, not during it.
Does this cover both A+ exams?
Yes - the ports, hardware and troubleshooting tables are Core 1 (220-1201) material, and the Windows tools, malware-removal sequence and security items are Core 2 (220-1202) material.

Sources