Glossary · Human Resources

SHRM-CP Glossary: Key HR Terms

intermediate

A free SHRM-CP glossary defining the key HR terms - competencies, situational judgement, total rewards, employee relations, PDCs and more - in plain English.

By The Exam Atlas Editorial Team · Verified 2026-06-06

Key SHRM-CP terms in plain English. The exam tests HR knowledge alongside behavioural competencies, so it helps to know both the technical HR vocabulary and the language SHRM uses for competencies and judgement.

termdefinition
SHRMThe Society for Human Resource Management, the largest HR professional body in the US, which administers the SHRM-CP and SHRM-SCP.
SHRM-CPThe SHRM Certified Professional credential, aimed at early-to-mid-career HR professionals in operational roles.
SHRM-SCPThe SHRM Senior Certified Professional credential, the senior, strategy-focused counterpart to the SHRM-CP.
HR Knowledge DomainOne of three technical content areas tested by knowledge items: People, Organization and Workplace.
Behavioral competencyA skill in how HR professionals act and apply judgement, grouped into the Leadership, Interpersonal and Business clusters.
Situational-judgement itemA question that presents a workplace scenario and asks you to choose the most effective HR response.
People domainThe HR knowledge area covering talent acquisition, engagement, learning and development, and total rewards.
Organization domainThe HR knowledge area covering structure, workforce management, employee relations, technology and the global context.
Workplace domainThe HR knowledge area covering diversity and inclusion, risk, corporate social responsibility and employment law.
Talent acquisitionThe process of finding, attracting and hiring the people an organisation needs.
Employee engagementThe degree to which employees feel committed to and motivated in their work and organisation.
Total rewardsThe full mix of pay, benefits and non-monetary rewards an organisation offers employees.
Employee relationsThe management of the relationship between an employer and its employees, including conflict and grievances.
Workforce managementPlanning, scheduling and managing the supply of people to meet an organisation’s needs.
Diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI)Practices that build a fair, varied workforce where all employees can participate and progress.
Business acumenThe ability to understand an organisation’s operations, finances and strategy and apply that to HR decisions.
Ethical practiceActing with integrity and upholding professional and legal standards in HR.
Relationship managementThe competency of building and maintaining effective working relationships across an organisation.
ConsultationThe competency of advising and guiding stakeholders on HR matters.
Professional Development Credit (PDC)The unit of continuing education used to recertify the SHRM-CP; 60 are needed per three-year cycle.
RecertificationMaintaining the credential by earning the required PDCs (or retaking the exam) within each cycle.
Scaled scoreA standardised score (120-200 on the SHRM-CP) that allows results to be compared across exam versions.
StakeholderAnyone with an interest in an HR decision or outcome, such as employees, managers or leadership.

FAQ

What is a behavioural competency on the SHRM-CP?
A behavioural competency is a skill in how HR professionals act and apply judgement - such as leadership, communication or business acumen - rather than a piece of technical HR knowledge. The SHRM-CP tests these through situational-judgement questions, which is about half the scored exam.

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