Glossary · IT & Cloud

Google Cloud Architect Glossary: Key GCP Terms

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A free Google Professional Cloud Architect glossary defining the key GCP terms - GKE, Spanner, BigQuery, VPC, IAM, resource hierarchy and more - in plain English.

By The Exam Atlas Editorial Team · Verified 2026-06-05

Key Google Cloud Architect terms in plain English. Knowing what each service is for - and when to choose it over a similar one - is exactly what the exam tests.

TermDefinition
Compute EngineGoogle Cloud’s virtual machine service (infrastructure as a service) for running workloads on VMs.
Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)A managed Kubernetes service for running containerised workloads with orchestration.
Cloud RunA serverless service for running containers that scales automatically, including to zero.
Cloud FunctionsAn event-driven, serverless compute service for running small pieces of code in response to triggers.
App EngineA managed platform-as-a-service for deploying applications without managing servers.
Cloud StorageObject storage for unstructured data, organised into buckets with different storage classes.
Storage classA Cloud Storage setting (standard, nearline, coldline, archive) trading storage cost against access frequency.
Cloud SQLA managed relational database service supporting MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQL Server.
SpannerA globally distributed, strongly consistent relational database that scales horizontally.
BigtableA wide-column NoSQL database for large-scale analytical and operational workloads.
BigQueryA serverless, highly scalable data warehouse for analytics using SQL.
FirestoreA flexible, scalable document (NoSQL) database for application data.
VPCVirtual Private Cloud: Google Cloud’s software-defined network, which is global by design.
Cloud Load BalancingA managed service that distributes traffic across instances, globally or regionally.
Cloud CDNA content delivery network that caches content near users to reduce latency.
Cloud InterconnectA service providing dedicated, private connectivity between on-premises networks and Google Cloud.
IAMIdentity and Access Management: controlling who can do what on which resources, designed for least privilege.
Service accountA special identity used by applications and VMs (rather than people) to authenticate to Google Cloud services.
Cloud KMSKey Management Service for creating and managing cryptographic keys.
Resource hierarchyThe organisation, folders, projects and resources structure used to organise and govern Google Cloud.
ProjectThe basic Google Cloud organising unit that groups resources, billing and permissions.
Cloud MonitoringA service for collecting metrics and building dashboards and alerts to observe systems.
Cloud LoggingA service for storing, searching and analysing log data across Google Cloud.
RTORecovery Time Objective: the maximum acceptable time to restore a system after an outage.
RPORecovery Point Objective: the maximum acceptable data loss, expressed as the age of the last recoverable data.

FAQ

What is the Google Cloud resource hierarchy?
It is the structure - organisation, folders, projects and resources - used to organise and govern Google Cloud. IAM policies and budgets can be applied at each level, so design choices about the hierarchy affect security and management at scale.

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